Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. This group of eye conditions damages the optic nerve, which is crucial for transmitting visual information from your eye to your brain. Once the optic nerve is damaged, vision loss occurs—and it’s permanent.

What Causes Glaucoma?

The most common form of glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, is typically associated with increased pressure inside the eye. This pressure can build up when fluid in the eye doesn’t drain properly. However, glaucoma can also occur even if eye pressure is normal, particularly in people with poor blood flow to the optic nerve.

Who’s at Risk?

• Adults over 40
• People with a family history of glaucoma
• Those with high intraocular pressure
• Individuals of African, Hispanic, or Asian descent • People with diabetes or high blood pressure

Symptoms and Detection

In its early stages, glaucoma often has no symptoms. As it progresses, peripheral (side) vision may decrease, eventually leading to tunnel vision. Without treatment, total blindness can occur. Regular comprehensive eye exams are critical for early detection. During an eye exam, optometrists check for signs of glaucoma by measuring eye pressure, assessing the optic nerve, and testing visual fields.

Treatment Options

While there is no cure for glaucoma, early treatment can slow its progression. Options include prescription eye drops, laser therapy, or surgery to reduce eye pressure and prevent further damage.

Early detection is key to preserving your sight and maintaining a high quality of life.